tube sheet heat exchanger

Stainless steel tube sheets are components used in heat exchangers, condensers, and other applications that require efficient heat transfer. It is a circular plate with precision drilling, used to accommodate tubes in the bundle. The tube sheet is used as a support structure and compression component, and provides a safe attachment for the tubes.     Chemical Component of Stainless Steel The main chemical component of stainless steel is chromium, which reacts with oxygen to form a dense oxide film, which has heat resistance and prevents further corrosion of the metal. This allows stainless steel tube sheets to be used for a long time in various harsh environments. Stainless steel, due to its unique microstructure, has high tensile strength and ductility, ensuring that the tubesheet is not easily deformed or fractured under external forces. Especially in high and low temperature environments, stainless steel can still maintain good mechanical properties and is not easily brittle.       The advantages of stainless steel tubesheets Stainless steel has become the preferred material for tubesheets due to its excellent corrosion resistance. It has rust prevention, oxidation resistance, and anti fouling properties, suitable for high temperature and corrosive environments. Stainless steel tube sheets are commonly used in industries such as petroleum and natural gas, chemical processing, power generation, and HVAC. Stainless steel tube plates have good hygiene performance. Due to its smooth surface and no pores, stainless steel materials are not easy to breed bacteria and microorganisms, and are easy to clean and disinfect, meeting hygiene standards. Therefore, stainless steel tube plates are widely used in medical, food processing and other industries, such as surgical instruments, food equipment, etc. In addition, stainless steel tube sheets have sustainability. Stainless steel materials can be recycled and can be melted again to produce new products, reducing resource waste. Meanwhile, stainless steel materials have a long service life, are not easily damaged, reduce the frequency of maintenance and replacement, and have good economic and environmental benefits.     How to manufacture Stainless steel tube plates Stainless steel tube plates are manufactured using various methods, including mechanical processing, drilling, and welding. Precision drilling ensures precise alignment of pipelines, thereby achieving efficient heat transfer. Welding is commonly used to secure pipes to pipe sheets, providing reliable and leak free joints. Wuxi Changrun has absolute equipment strength in tube sheet processing services. At present, the heavy-duty precision workshop has 11 large deep hole drilling equipment and 31 CNC flat drilling equipment, as well as a series of advanced domestic and foreign supporting equipment with high precision, full specifications, and multiple functions. It can provide machining services such as turning, milling, boring, and drilling. There are also advanced equipment such as cutting and welding involved in the previous process.     The selection of stainless steel for tube plates depends on factors such as operating conditions, temperature, and the corrosiveness of the treated fluid. The common grades of stainless steel used in tube sheets include austenitic stainless steel (such as 304 and 316), duplex stainless steel, and ultra duplex stainless steel. These grades combine corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity. In summary, stainless steel tube sheets are key components of heat exchangers and condensers. It provides support for pipelines, promotes effective heat transfer, and provides excellent corrosion resistance under harsh operating conditions. The use of stainless steel tube sheets ensures the lifespan, reliability, and performance of heat transfer equipment in a wide range of industrial applications.

What is a tube sheet for heat exchanger? One of the most common heat exchangers in service within industrial process applications is the “Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers”. They are available in many shapes, sizes and have been used in industry for over 150 years. In this exchanger group are various sub design types: Fixed, U-tube and Floating tubes heet. Variations of all can be denoted as type “E”, “F”, “G”, “H”, “J”, “K” or “X”. The main applications are where high pressure/temperatures are key considerations. Loosely, general designs consist of the/an outer shell in which resides a tube bundle (these can be configured as finned, plain etc) sealed at each end by a tube sheet which isolates the tubes and the outer shell.     How does a heat exchanger work? Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers have the capability to transfer large amounts of heat at low(er) costs. This, in principle, down to both design simplicity and effectiveness – large tube surface for reduced weight, volume of liquid and importantly floor space.   Whilst there is a wide variety to choose from there are certain key components similar in all. Tube sheets have tubes attached to them within the body or “shell” of the heat exchanger. The tubes allow the movement of a given medium (gas/fluid) through the shell chamber stopping it mixing with a second fluid medium that lies outside these tubes. As long as there is a temperature difference between these, in effect, the two flow past one another exchanging heat without ever mixing. Tube sheets can be fixed or floating dependent on the application the heat exchanger is designed for.       The role of tube sheets in heat exchangers Tube sheets are a critical component of the final design. There are a multitude of materials they can be manufactured from. Material selection is made after careful consideration as it is in contact with both fluids. It must therefore have the necessary corrosion resistance, electromechanical and metallurgical properties associated for its given working environment.   The tube sheets themselves contain holes drilled into them. This, in a given, very specific design configuration, at very precise locations with critical tolerances. The amounts of holes can range from a few to thousands. These pattern or “pitch” holes are relative to each other tube sheet within the shell. This pitch changes tube distance, angle and flow direction. These parameters have been varied to maximize the heat transfer effectiveness.   Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers of the big advantages of using a shell and tube heat exchanger is that they are often easy to service, particularly with models where a floating tube bundle where the tube plates are not welded to the outer shell is available. Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers used on fixed tube sheet heat exchangers.    Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers the right choice of materials they can also be used to cool or heat other mediums, such as swimming pool water or charge air. Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers ideal cooling solution for a wide variety of applications. One of the most common applications is the cooling of hydraulic fluid and oil in engines, transmissions and hydraulic power packs.     How does wuxi changrun work? Because these tube sheets are the main, critical，Wuxi changrun manufactures directly to OEM drawings issued as DXF files. The in house Delcam FeatureCam CAD reading capabilities mean the final product supplied from us is manufactured to the exacting specifications as designed, released and issued from you the client.   Wuxi changrun’s considerable experience in this highly specialized area means that whatever the requirement, whatever the timescale, we have the technical, in house experience and know-how to approach a given task, deliver on time and in budget. This is why the company is entrusted to manufacture to key, blue chip clients across the globe.

What is a forged tube sheet? Forging is a process of manufacturing components by plastic deformation of metal. During the forging process, the metal is pressed to the desired shape. A forged tubesheet is commonly made from a round disc forging with holes drilled to accept the tubes or pipes in an accurate location and pattern relative to one another. The advantages of forging tube sheets are high density, high strength, and good toughness. However, due to the high temperature and specialized equipment required for forging, the cost is relatively high.   A forged tube sheet is a critical component in shell-and-tube heat exchangers. It serves as a support for the heat exchanger tubes and provides a sealed barrier at the ends of the tubes to prevent leakage between the tube-side and shell-side fluids, ensure effective heat transfer or to support filter elements. In shell and tube heat exchangers, two plates support the tubes, one on each end. They are in contact with both fluids on the shell side and the tube side, so they must be corrosion resistant and sealed tightly. Many heat exchanger design codes and standards require forged tubesheets.       Forged Tube Sheet Production Standards: The production standards for forged tube sheets can vary depending on the specific industry and application. However, some common standards that may be followed include:   1.ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Standards: ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) provides guidelines and standards for the design, fabrication, and inspection of pressure vessels, including heat exchangers. ASME standards ensure that the equipment meets safety and performance requirements.   2. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Standards: ASTM specifications provide guidelines for the materials used in the fabrication of tube sheets. Different grades of materials are specified based on factors such as temperature, pressure, and corrosion resistance.     Material of Forged Tube Sheets: The choice of material for forged tube sheets depends on the specific requirements of the application. Common the material include: carbon steel tube sheets, stainless steel tube sheets, alloy steel tube sheets. A tubesheet may be covered in a cladding material which serves as a corrosion barrier and insulator which is weld overlay tube sheets. (Know more about welding overlay tube sheet)     Forgings for manufacturing tube sheets need to meet the following performance requirements: 1. High strength: able to withstand high pressure and impact loads, ensuring the stability and safe operation of the tube sheet. 2. Good corrosion resistance: It can resist the corrosion of the medium and extend the service life of the tubesheet. 3. Good sealing: Ensure the normal operation of the tube plate and prevent medium leakage. 4. Good processability: Easy to process into complex shapes to meet the design requirements of tubesheets.     Forged tube sheets find applications in various industries, including: 1. Petrochemical Industry: For heat exchangers in refineries and chemical processing plants. 2. Power Generation: In boilers and steam generators. 3. Oil and Gas Industry: For heat exchangers in oil refineries and offshore platforms. 4. Chemical Processing: In chemical reactors and processing equipment.     Forged tube sheets are crucial components in heat exchangers, manufactured through a forging process to achieve specific mechanical properties. They adhere to industry standards and are chosen for their strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion in various industrial applications. Wuxi changrun specialized in forged tube sheet manufacture.  

Tube sheets are commonly used industrial components, widely employed in industries such as chemical, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Tube sheet size standards refer to the standardized size specifications used in the design and manufacturing process to ensure interchangeability and universality of various pipeline equipment. This article provides a detailed introduction to tube sheet size standards.   Tube Sheet Overview 1. Tube Sheet Definition A tube sheet is a device that connects multiple pipelines or equipment and consists of two flat surfaces, typically with numerous holes on the top surface, with each hole connecting to one or more holes on the bottom surface.   2. Tube Sheet Classification Depending on different application scenarios and functional requirements, tube sheets can be categorized into the following types: (1) Distributors: Divert one inlet into two or more outlets. (2) Collectors: Collect two or more inlets into one outlet. (3) Heat Exchangers: Achieve heat exchange through the transfer of heat between internal fluids. (4) Reactors: Complete chemical synthesis or other chemical processes through internal reactions.   Tube Sheet Size Standards 1. Tube Sheet Hole Diameter: In the design and manufacturing process, international standards like ISO/TR 10400 or ASME B16.5 are typically used as standard specifications for tube sheet hole diameters. Both of these standards specify a range of hole sizes, ranging from 1/2 inch to 48 inches.   2. Tube Sheet Thickness: Tube sheet thickness refers to the distance between the top and bottom surfaces of the tube sheet. In the design and manufacturing process, standards such as ASME B16.5 or GB/T 9119 are typically used as standard specifications for tube sheet thickness. These standards specify a range of thicknesses, ranging from 3 millimeters to 100 millimeters.   3. Tube Sheet Hole Spacing: Tube sheet hole spacing refers to the distance between adjacent holes. In the design and manufacturing process, standards like ASME B16.5 or GB/T 9119 are usually used as standard specifications for tube sheet hole spacing. These standards specify a range of hole spacing sizes, ranging from 15 millimeters to 600 millimeters.   4. Tube Sheet Material: Tube sheet material refers to the type and variety of materials used in manufacturing the tube sheet. In the design and manufacturing process, standards such as ASME B16.5, GB/T 9119, or JIS B2220 are typically used as standard specifications for tube sheet materials. These standards classify and specify various material types and varieties.       Frequently Asked Questions   1. What is the purpose of tube sheet size standards? The purpose of tube sheet size standards is to ensure the interchangeability and universality of various pipeline equipment, allowing pipeline equipment produced by different manufacturers to be compatible and work together.   2. What is the relationship between tube sheet hole diameter, thickness, and hole spacing? There is no direct relationship between tube sheet hole diameter, thickness, and hole spacing. Different tube sheet size standards specify different ranges of hole diameter, thickness, and hole spacing sizes, and users can choose the appropriate specifications according to their needs.   3. What are the common types of tube sheet materials? Common tube sheet materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, copper, aluminum, and more. Users can select the appropriate material type and variety based on their specific requirements.       Conclusion Tube sheet size standards are crucial for ensuring the interchangeability and universality of various pipeline equipment and should be strictly followed during the design and manufacturing process.    Wuxi Changrun has provided high-quality tube sheets, nozzles, flanges, and customized forgings for heat exchangers, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. to many well-known petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. Our customers include PetroChina, Sinopec, Chevron, Bayer, Shell, BASF, etc. Send your drawings to sales@wuxichangrun.com We will provide you with the best quotation and the highest quality products.  

Forged Carbon Steel Tube Sheet Specific Material Forged carbon steel tube sheets are typically made from carbon steel materials such as ASTM A105 tube sheets or ASTM A350 LF2 tube sheets. Carbon steel is chosen for its high strength and excellent machinability, making it suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.   Forged Carbon Steel Tube Sheet Production Standards The production of forged carbon steel tube sheets typically complies with relevant standards such as ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) or international standards. These standards ensure product quality and performance, including material strength, dimensional accuracy, and weldability.   Forged Carbon Steel Tube Sheet Dimensions The dimensions of forged carbon steel tube sheets depend on specific design and application requirements. Typically, the diameter and layout of tube holes, plate thickness, and overall dimensions vary based on the specifications and functions of the equipment.       Forged carbon steel tube sheets are commonly used in the following applications 1.Heat Exchangers: A heat exchanger is an equipment that utilizes the heat transfer of fluid inside the pipe for energy conversion. Carbon steel tube sheets are often used as materials for pipes and heat exchanger bundles in heat exchangers, with high corrosion resistance and pressure bearing capacity.   2.Boilers: Carbon steel tube sheet is also one of the most important materials in the manufacturing of boilers, and is generally used for the tubes and some structural components of boilers. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, strength, and high corrosion resistance, carbon steel tubesheets can ensure the safe operation of boilers.   3.Chemical Industry: In petrochemical equipment, carbon steel tube plates are often used as materials for catalyst tubes, distillation towers, reactors, and other devices. Due to its excellent corrosion resistance and reliable pressure bearing capacity, carbon steel tube plates ensure the safety of petrochemical equipment.         Forged Carbon Steel Tube Sheet Advantages 1. High Strength: Carbon steel offers excellent strength, enabling it to withstand high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. 2. Excellent Machinability: Carbon steel is easy to forge, cut, and weld, making it suitable for various complex-shaped tube sheets. 3. High-Temperature Resistance: Carbon steel tube sheets are well-suited for high-temperature environments, making them ideal for use in boilers and heat exchangers. 4. Corrosion Resistance: While susceptible to corrosion, carbon steel tube sheets can still be used in corrosive environments with proper coatings and protection.     Forged Carbon Steel Tube Sheet Processing Steps 1. Raw Material Preparation: Select suitable-quality carbon steel billets. 2. Forging: Heat the billets to the appropriate temperature and shape them through forging processes, using hammering or pressure to achieve the desired shape. 3. Machining and Hole Drilling: Cut and drill tube holes, ensuring accurate dimensions and hole positions. 4. Inspection and Quality Control: Conduct non-destructive and destructive testing to ensure that the tube sheet meets specifications and standards. 5.  Surface Treatment: Surface treatments, such as corrosion-resistant coatings, may be applied to enhance corrosion resistance.   Wuxi changrun has equipped facilities for manufacturing. Now it has five forging machines, one of which is forging machine whose capacity reaches 3600-ton, one is numerical control ring roll whose capacity reaches 6300 mm (Diameter), one is 1.5 ton hammers and the other two are 1-ton air hammers. There are 7 gas generators used for forge heating, 16 industrial resistance furnaces for heat treatment and more than 80 metal processing equipment among which there is a numeric control Standing Lathe whose processing diameter can reach 5meters. The company has an annual production capacity of 50,000 tons of middle and high-pressure flanges and various steel forgings for boilers and pressure vessels. The maximum pressure of manufactured flanges can reach 2500Lb, the maximum diameter can reach about 6 meters and the maximum weight of unit forging can reach 30 tons.       Conclusion Forged carbon steel tube sheets play a crucial role in heat exchange and heating equipment, offering strength and high-temperature resistance. Their manufacturing requires precise craftsmanship and quality assurance to ensure equipment safety and reliability.   Wuxi Changrun has provided high-quality tube sheets, nozzles, flanges, and customized forgings for heat exchangers, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. to many well-known petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. Our customers include PetroChina, Sinopec, Chevron, Bayer, Shell, BASF, etc. Send your drawings to sales@wuxichangrun.com We will provide you with the best quotation and the highest quality products.    

A shell and tube heat exchanger consists of a shell, heat transfer tube bundle, tube sheet, baffle plate (baffle), and channel. The shell is mostly cylindrical with a tube bundle inside, and the two ends of the tube bundle are fixed on the tubesheet. There are two types of heat transfer fluids: hot fluid and cold fluid. One is the fluid inside the tube, called the tube side fluid; Another type is the fluid outside the pipe, called the shell side fluid.     1. What is Shell? The shell serves as the outer housing of the heat exchanger. It contains one of the fluid streams and is typically constructed from materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, or other alloys depending on the application and operating conditions.   2. What is Tube Bundle? The tube bundle is the core component of the heat exchanger where heat transfer occurs. It consists of a series of tubes through which one fluid flows while the other fluid flows around the outside of the tubes. The tubes can be straight or bent, and they are usually made of materials such as copper, stainless steel, or titanium.   3. What is Tubesheet? The tubesheet is a thick metal plate located at both ends of the tube bundle. It serves to support and secure the tubes in place, providing a leak-proof seal between the tube bundle and the shell.   4. What are Baffles? Baffles are plates or spacers placed inside the shell to direct the flow of the shell-side fluid. They promote turbulence in the fluid flow, which enhances heat transfer efficiency by increasing the mixing of the fluid. Baffles also help to support the tubes and prevent vibration.   5. What is Baffle Plate? The baffle plate is a large plate attached to the inner wall of the shell. It supports the baffles and helps to guide the flow of the shell-side fluid through the heat exchanger.   6. What is Front Channel and Rear Channel? These are the spaces between the baffles where the shell-side fluid flows around the tube bundle. The front channel is located near the inlet of the shell-side fluid, while the rear channel is located near the outlet.   7. What is Tube Side Connection? These are the inlet and outlet connections for the fluid flowing through the tubes. They allow the tube-side fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanger.   8. What is Shell Side Connection? These are the inlet and outlet connections for the fluid flowing around the outside of the tubes. They allow the shell-side fluid to enter and exit the heat exchanger.   9. What is Vent? The vent is an opening on the shell of the heat exchanger used to remove trapped air or gases during startup or operation. It ensures proper operation and prevents air pockets from interfering with heat transfer.   10. What is Drain? The drain is an opening on the shell or tubesheet used to remove liquid from the heat exchanger. It is typically used for maintenance purposes or for draining the system during shutdowns.   11. What is Expansion Joint? An expansion joint is a flexible element installed in the shell or tube bundle to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction. It prevents damage to the heat exchanger caused by temperature fluctuations.   12. What are Heat Exchanger Legs? Legs are support structures attached to the bottom of the heat exchanger to elevate it above the ground or other surfaces. They provide stability and facilitate installation and maintenance.   13. Lifting Lug? Lifting lugs are welded to the shell of the heat exchanger and used for lifting and handling during installation or maintenance.   14. Reinforcing Pad? Reinforcing pads are additional material welded to the shell or other components to strengthen areas subjected to high stress or pressure, such as nozzle connections.   These components work together to facilitate efficient heat transfer between the two fluid streams while ensuring structural integrity, reliability, and safety of the heat exchanger.    Wuxi Changrun has provided high-quality tube sheets, nozzles, flanges, and customized forgings for heat exchangers, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. to many well-known petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. Our customers include PetroChina, Sinopec, Chevron, Bayer, Shell, BASF, etc. Send your drawings to sales@wuxichangrun.com We will provide you with the best quotation and the highest quality products.

What is double tube sheet? A double tube sheet is a design feature commonly used in shell-and-tube heat exchangers and other similar equipment. In a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, there are two main components: the shell, which is a large outer vessel, and the tubes, which are smaller tubes that run through the shell. The double tube sheet design involves having two separate tube sheets within the shell.     Double tube sheet heat exchangers are generally used in the following two situations: One is to absolutely prevent the mixing of media between the shell and tube sides. For example, for heat exchangers with water passing through the shell side or chlorine gas or chloride passing through the tube side, if the water in the shell side comes into contact with chlorine gas or chloride in the tube side, it will produce highly corrosive hydrochloric acid or hypochlorous acid, which will cause serious corrosion to the material in the tube side. Adopting a double tube sheet structure can effectively prevent the mixing of two materials, thereby preventing the occurrence of the above-mentioned accidents;   Another scenario is when there is a large pressure difference between the medium on the tube and shell side. In this case, a medium is usually added to the cavity between the inner and outer tube sheets to reduce the pressure difference between the medium on the tube and shell side. This series of heat exchangers adopts a double tube plate structure design, which connects the tube side and shell side with their respective tube sheets, breaking the traditional practice of using the same connecting tube plate for both the tube side and shell side of a row tube heat exchanger. This minimizes the risk of cross contamination, facilitates timely detection of leakage hazards, and ensures safe production for users.     How double tube sheet works? 1. Inner Tube Sheet: The first tube sheet is located inside the shell and is usually closer to one end. The tubes are attached to this inner tube sheet, and they pass through it to the other end of the shell.   2. Baffle Space: Between the inner tube sheet and the other end of the shell, there is a space that contains baffles. Baffles are plates or other structures designed to direct the flow of the fluid inside the shell and promote efficient heat transfer.   3. Outer Tube Sheet: The second tube sheet is located at the other end of the shell. The tubes are also attached to this outer tube sheet.     Whats the double tube sheet design advantages? 1. Prevents Cross-Contamination: Because there are two tube sheets, there is a space (the baffle space) between them. This helps to prevent cross-contamination between the two fluids flowing through the tubes, especially when they have different properties.   2. Enhanced Safety: In applications where one fluid is hazardous or toxic, the double tube sheet design provides an extra layer of safety by reducing the risk of leaks.   3. Reduced Risk of Thermal Expansion Issues: The double tube sheet design helps accommodate thermal expansion differences between the tubes and the shell. This is important to avoid problems that may arise from temperature-induced expansion and contraction.   4. Easier Inspection: The space between the tube sheets allows for easier inspection of the tubes and facilitates maintenance activities.     In summary, a double tube sheet design is a configuration used to enhance the safety, efficiency, and ease of maintenance in certain types of heat exchangers, particularly those dealing with potentially hazardous fluids.   Wuxi Changrun has provided high-quality tube sheets, nozzles, flanges, and customized forgings for heat exchangers, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. to many well-known petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. Our customers include PetroChina, Sinopec, Chevron, Bayer, Shell, BASF, etc. Send your drawings to sales@wuxichangrun.com We will provide you with the best quotation and the highest quality products.    

What are the tube sheet inspection and testing methods? Tube sheet inspection and testing methods are used to ensure the integrity and safety of tube sheets, which are components used in heat exchangers and other types of equipment. There are several methods used for tube sheet inspection and testing, including:   Visual Inspection This is the simplest method of tube sheet inspection, which involves a visual examination of the tube sheet surface for any visible cracks, corrosion, erosion or other signs of damage.   Dye Penetrant Test (PT) This method involves applying a dye penetrant to the surface of the tube sheet and then wiping off the excess. The penetrant is then drawn into any cracks or other surface defects by capillary action. A developer is applied, which draws the penetrant out of the cracks and makes them visible.   Magnetic Particle Test (MT) This method involves applying a magnetic field to the tube sheet and then applying ferromagnetic particles to the surface. Any surface cracks or defects will cause the magnetic field to be distorted, making the particles cluster at the location of the defect, which can then be visually detected.   Ultrasonic Testing (UT) This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect defects in the tube sheet. A probe is placed on the surface of the tube sheet, which emits sound waves that travel through the material. Any defects in the material will cause some of the sound waves to be reflected back to the probe, which can be detected and analyzed.   Eddy Current Testing (ECT) This method involves passing an alternating electrical current through a coil, which induces eddy currents in the tube sheet. Any defects in the material will cause changes in the eddy currents, which can be detected and analyzed.   These methods can be used individually or in combination to provide a comprehensive inspection and testing of tube sheets. The choice of method(s) used will depend on the type of equipment, the material of the tube sheet, and the level of sensitivity required for defect detection.   Wuxi Changrun has provided high-quality tube sheets, nozzles, flanges, and customized forgings for heat exchangers, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. to many well-known petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. Our customers include PetroChina, Sinopec, Chevron, Bayer, Shell, BASF, etc. Send your drawings to sales@wuxichangrun.com We will provide you with the best quotation and the highest quality products.    

904L alloy steel has the following characteristics: 904L is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel with low carbon content. This steel is designed for environments with harsh corrosion conditions. Initially, this alloy was developed for corrosion resistance in dilute sulfuric acid. This feature has been proven to be very successful through years of practical application. 904L has been standardized in many countries and has been approved for use in the manufacture of pressure vessels. 904L alloy, like other commonly used CrNi austenitic steels, has good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, good resistance to intergranular corrosion, good processability, and weldability. The maximum heating temperature during hot forging can reach 1180 degrees Celsius, and the minimum stop forging temperature is not less than 900 degrees Celsius. This steel can be hot formed at 1000-1150 degrees Celsius. The heat treatment process of this steel is 1100-1150 degrees Celsius, and it is rapidly cooled after heating. Although this steel can be welded using universal welding processes, the most appropriate welding methods are manual arc welding and tungsten inert gas arc welding. When using manual arc welding to weld plates with a diameter not exceeding 6mm, the diameter of the welding rod shall not exceed 2.5mm; When the plate thickness is greater than 6 millimeters, the diameter of the welding rod is less than 3.2 millimeters. When heat treatment is required after welding, it can be done by heating at 1075-1125 degrees Celsius and then rapidly cooling. When using tungsten inert gas arc welding, the filler metal can be used with the same welding rod. After welding, the weld seam must be pickled and passivated.     904L metallographic structure 904L is a completely austenitic structure, and compared to austenitic stainless steels with high molybdenum content, 904L is not sensitive to the precipitation of ferrite and alpha phase.     Corrosion resistance of 904L Due to the low carbon content of 904L (maximum 0.020%), there will be no carbide precipitation under general heat treatment and welding conditions. This eliminates the risk of intergranular corrosion that occurs after general heat treatment and welding. Due to its high chromium nickel molybdenum content and the addition of copper, 904L can be passivated even in reducing environments such as sulfuric acid and formic acid. The high nickel content results in a lower corrosion rate even in the active state. In pure sulfuric acid with a concentration range of 0-98%, the usage temperature of 904L can reach up to 40 degrees Celsius. In pure phosphoric acid with a concentration range of 0-85%, its corrosion resistance is very good. Impurities have a strong impact on the corrosion resistance of industrial phosphoric acid produced by wet process technology. Among all types of phosphoric acid, 904L has better corrosion resistance than ordinary stainless steel. In highly oxidizing nitric acid, 904L has lower corrosion resistance compared to high alloyed steel grades without molybdenum. In hydrochloric acid, the use of 904L is limited to lower concentrations of 1-2%. Within this concentration range. The corrosion resistance of 904L is better than that of conventional stainless steel. 904L steel has high resistance to pitting corrosion. Its resistance to crevice corrosion is also very good in chloride solutions. The high nickel content of 904L reduces the corrosion rate in pits and crevices. Ordinary austenitic stainless steel may be sensitive to stress corrosion in an environment rich in chloride at temperatures above 60 degrees Celsius. By increasing the nickel content of the stainless steel, this sensitization can be reduced. Due to its high nickel content, 904L exhibits high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride solutions, concentrated hydroxide solutions, and environments rich in hydrogen sulfide.     904L Tube sheet  A 904L tube sheet is a component used in various industrial applications particularly in heat exchangers and condensers. The 904L stainless steel tube sheet is specifically chosen for its superior resistance to aggressive environments, such as those containing sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and chloride solutions. It offers exceptional resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking, making it highly suitable for applications in the chemical, petrochemical, and offshore industries. The use of 904L stainless steel tube sheets ensures the long-term reliability and performance of heat transfer equipment. Its corrosion resistance properties allow for extended service life and reduced maintenance requirements, resulting in cost savings and enhanced operational efficiency. Choose 904L tube sheets for superior corrosion resistance and reliable performance in demanding environments. Experience the benefits of this high-quality stainless steel alloy for your heat exchangers and condensers.     904L flange 904L flanges are commonly used in industries such as chemical processing, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and offshore applications. Their resistance to corrosion makes them suitable for handling corrosive fluids and gases. Additionally, 904L flanges offer excellent strength, durability, and weldability, making them a reliable choice for critical applications. The use of 904L flanges can help ensure the integrity and longevity of piping systems by providing a robust and corrosion-resistant connection. They are available in various types, including slip-on, weld neck, blind, and threaded flanges, to suit different installation requirements. In summary, 904L flanges are specifically made from 904L stainless steel, which offers superior corrosion resistance in demanding environments. Their use can enhance the reliability and performance of piping systems, making them ideal for applications where corrosion resistance is paramount.   904L application areas: 904L alloy is a versatile material that can be applied in many industrial fields: 1. Petroleum and petrochemical equipment, such as reactors in petrochemical equipment. 2. Storage and transportation equipment for sulfuric acid, such as heat exchangers. 3. The flue gas desulfurization device in power plants is mainly used in the tower body, flue, door panels, internal components, spray systems, etc. of the absorption tower. 4. Scrubbers and fans in organic acid treatment systems.     Similar grades GB/T UNS AISI/ASTM ID W.Nr 00Cr20Ni25Mo4.5Cu N08904 904L F904L 1.4539     904L chemical composition C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Cu Fe 0.02 1 2 0.045 0.035 19-23 23-28 4-5 1-2       Mechanical properties Tensile strength Yield Strength Elongation Density Melting point RmN/mm Rp0.2N/mm A5％ 8.0g/cm3 1300-1390℃       Wuxi Changrun has provided high-quality tube sheets, nozzles, flanges, and customized forgings for heat exchangers, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. to many well-known petrochemical enterprises at home and abroad. Our customers include PetroChina, Sinopec, Chevron, Bayer, Shell, BASF, etc. Send your drawings to sales@wuxichangrun.com We will provide you with the best quotation and the highest quality products.